TOPIC: GENERAK KNOWLEDGE (CRIMINOLOGY)
1. Criminology is the scientific study of:
a) Crime rates in different countries
b) Criminal behavior and its causes
c) Police procedures
d) Legal codes and statutes
2. Which theory of criminology suggests that individuals commit crimes when they perceive the benefits of committing the crime to outweigh the costs or risks?
a) Strain theory
b) Social learning theory
c) Rational choice theory
d) Labeling theory
3. The term "white-collar crime" refers to crimes typically committed by:
a) Street gangs
b) Politicians
c) High-status individuals in the course of their occupation
d) Juveniles
4. Who is often referred to as the "father of modern criminology" and is known for his theory of the "born criminal"?
a) Emile Durkheim
b) Cesare Lombroso
c) Karl Marx
d) Sigmund Freud
5. Restorative justice focuses on:
a) Deterrence and punishment of offenders
b) Rehabilitating offenders through therapy
c) Repairing harm caused by the crime and involving victims and the community in the process
d) Providing legal aid to indigent defendants
Read More: Test No. 104
6. "Recidivism" refers to:
a) The process of parole
b) The rehabilitation of offenders
c) The tendency of individuals to re-offend after release from prison
d) The study of crime rates
7. What is the primary goal of the criminal justice system?
a) Punishing offenders
b) Reducing crime rates
c) Protecting the rights of victims
d) Ensuring due process
8. Which type of punishment aims to deter potential offenders by making an example of the punished individual?
a) Rehabilitation
b) Retribution
c) Restitution
d) Deterrence
9. Which of the following is an example of a property crime?
a) Assault
b) Robbery
c) Vandalism
d) Homicide
10. The "broken windows theory" suggests that:
a) Crime rates are primarily influenced by economic factors
b) Neighborhood disorder and neglect can lead to an increase in crime
c) Criminal behavior is determined by genetics
d) Prisons should focus on rehabilitation rather than punishment