a) Jean Paul Sartre
b) Frances Fukuyama
c) Karl Popper
d) Hegel
2. Who among the following Muslim scholars is known as the "father of sociology"?
a) Allama Muhammad Iqbal
b) Shah Waliullah
c) Ibn Khaldun
d) Al-Mawardi
3. "The Leviathan" is a work by:
a) Locke
b) Rousseau
c) Hobbes
d) Machiavelli
4. The concept of "Wahdat al-Wujud" is closely associated with:
a) Imam Ghazali
b) Ibn Taymiyyah
c) Ibn Rushd
d) Ibn Arabi
5. Who proposed the separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judiciary?
a) Montesquieu
b) Locke
c) Machiavelli
d) Rousseau
6. Gramsci’s concept of cultural hegemony suggests that:
a) Power is only maintained by force
b) The state should control culture
c) Dominant groups in society control cultural norms and values
d) Culture is irrelevant to political power
7. Which political concept emphasizes the non-interference of the state in individual affairs?
a) Sovereignty
b) Justice
c) Freedom
d) Equality
8. Which of the following is NOT an Islamic political concept?
a) Ummah
b) Totalitarism
c) Sharia
d) Caliphate
b) Shah Waliullah
c) Ibn Khaldun
d) Al-Mawardi
3. "The Leviathan" is a work by:
a) Locke
b) Rousseau
c) Hobbes
d) Machiavelli
4. The concept of "Wahdat al-Wujud" is closely associated with:
a) Imam Ghazali
b) Ibn Taymiyyah
c) Ibn Rushd
d) Ibn Arabi
5. Who proposed the separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judiciary?
a) Montesquieu
b) Locke
c) Machiavelli
d) Rousseau
6. Gramsci’s concept of cultural hegemony suggests that:
a) Power is only maintained by force
b) The state should control culture
c) Dominant groups in society control cultural norms and values
d) Culture is irrelevant to political power
7. Which political concept emphasizes the non-interference of the state in individual affairs?
a) Sovereignty
b) Justice
c) Freedom
d) Equality
8. Which of the following is NOT an Islamic political concept?
a) Ummah
b) Totalitarism
c) Sharia
d) Caliphate
9. In which political system is the head of state also the head of government?
a) Monarchy
b) Parliamentary
c) Presidential
d) Confederation
10. Who is credited with the phrase, "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains"?
a) Kant
b) Rousseau
c) Mill
d) Bentham
11. According to Al-Farabi, the virtuous city is ruled by:
a) A philosopher king
b) Religious clerics
c) The common masses
d) Military leaders
12. The concept of "Power/Knowledge" is associated with:
a) Karl Marx
b) Foucault
c) Hegel
d) Pierre Bourdieu
13. Which political ideology emphasizes the collective ownership of means of production?
a) Capitalism
b) Nationalism
c) Socialism
d) Fascism
14. Who among the following did NOT contribute significantly to existentialist philosophy?
a) Kierkegaard
b) Derrida
c) Sartre
d) Nietzsche
15. The process by which individuals learn and adopt the values, attitudes, and beliefs of a given political culture is called:
a) Political development
b) Political recruitment
c) Political socialization
d) Social change
16. Which type of state system is characterized by a central authority with constituent political units?
a) Unitary
b) Federal
c) Totalitarian
d) Confederation
17. Who among the following Muslim thinkers emphasized the importance of reason (‘Aql) in interpreting the religious texts?
a) Ibn Taymiyyah
b) Ibn Rushd
c) Imam Ghazali
d) Al-Mawardi
18. The "Categorical Imperative" is a key concept in the philosophy of:
a) Mill
b) Rousseau
c) Bentham
d) Kant
19. Which term refers to a system where power is held by a small group of individuals, especially in politics or business?
a) Monarchy
b) Oligarchy
c) Democracy
d) Totalitarianism
20. What concept underscores the idea that political power and authority are derived from the people?
a) Sovereignty
b) Political authority
c) Popular sovereignty
d) Law